Article 115 EEC Treaty enables a member state to block indirect imports of goods stemming from countries outside the Community which have first been imported by another member state, and thus helps to preserve the existence of national commercial policies as opposed to a uniform Community...

This paper provides an overview of the Philippines' defensive and offensive interests in a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union in the areas of Competition Policy, Government Procurement, Intellectual Property Rights, Dispute Settlement and Trade Remedies. It examines these interests in...

This paper argues that the anticipation of protection can have a stimulating effect on exports instead of the commonly claimed effect of harassment. If protection serves market cartellization by fixing export quantities or prices, exporters may have an incentive to increase their sales abroad in...

The aim of this article is to study the concept of the acquis communautaire in the domain of EU external relations. It is argued that the acquis communautaire varies according to the specific aims of its internal and external applications. The main objective of the acquis communautaire in its...

Mitsuo Matsushita has shown an abiding interest in the systemic problems faced by the multilateral trading system. This tribute explores the significance of Article 31(1)(3)(c), the Systemic Integration Clause, of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties to these concerns. While the place of...

This article aims at illustrating that the significance of a claim under GATT Article X:3(a) has increased especially in relation to GATT Article XI:1. Specifically, it attempts to demonstrate that, in some circumstances, a complainant would be able to achieve better outcome from an as such...