Whereas many institutions are in place to govern urban and rural land, maritime areas are less well covered. This situation of a "governance void" has led to uncertainty and conflicts. Thus the South China Sea has become a contested maritime space. In this paper the cultural theory of Oswald...

The article reviews the legal and political process of implementation of an integrated ocean management of the marine Arctic, and examines whether there are available adequate area-based management tools that facilitate the possibility of including also shipping activities in this new approach...

More than a decade after the Arab oil embargo, the industrialized West still relies on an endless string of ocean tankers to satisfy its profligate need for energy. Every day, more than 100,000,000 tons of oil are transported by ocean vessels. In shipping lanes that each day become more...

This report presents the global ocean/sea ice configuration at eddy-resolving resolution developed at CMCC, and describes numerical results from the first simulation. The model configuration, based on the NEMO system, has 1/16◦ horizontal spacing at the equator and uses 98 vertical levels. So...

I model the ocean as an array of lines set within a two-dimensional frame, and show how the Exclusive Economic Zone emerged as an equilibrium in customary international law. I find that custom codifies the efficient Nash equilibrium of enclosure for nearshore fisheries. For highly migratory and...

As the international law of the sea has developed throughout the centuries, and there has been a growing acceptance of the legitimacy of a range of maritime zones, there has been a need to provide certainty with respect to the freedom of navigation through certain waters. The initial focus was...

This article deals with the problems related to the inclusion of the exclusive economic zones and continental shelves of the contracting Parties in the nuclear weapon-free zone created by the Treaty of Bangkok. In particular, the article discusses whether the limitations imposed on third States...

This paper outlines some of the key international rules to be considered by researchers documenting, monitoring or protecting marine biological diversity. It discusses the weaknesses of the international legal framework but also provides guidance for marine researchers to assist in the...