"Historically, many countries have suffered a pattern of procyclical fiscal policy: spending too much in booms and then forced to cut back in recessions. This problem has especially plagued Latin American commodity exporters. Since 2000, fiscal policy in Chile has been governed by a structural...

This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of copper sulphate to African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The range–finding test was conducted twice in order to get reliable values that could be used for the definitive test. The toxicant (copper sulphate) was introduced at varying...

This article may be of particular interest in view of the fact that UNCTAD has now for the first time set down a schedule for preparatory negotiations on raw materials. The resolution of UNCTAD IV on the treatment of the integrated action programme for raw materials is now to be realised....

The situation in the world copper markets has been of woridwide interest, not only due to nationalization efforts in several producing countries but also because of the growing desire of less developed countries (LDCs) to establish international commodity agreements similar to the CIPEC model.