This paper studies the long-run and short-run dynamic effects of broad money supply (M2) and oil price on U.S. stock market (S&P500). Monthly data are employed from January, 1974 through April, 2006. Each variable is non-stationary in level with I (1) behavior. The above three variables depict a...

CNN Money developed the original US Stock Market Fear and Greed Index in 2012, using seven data points to measure stock market performance. The ability of the Fear and Greed Index to impact on future values of the various stock indices appears to be dependent on the observation period and the...

The nature of the relation between stock returns and the three monetary variables of interest rates (bond yields), inflation and money supply growth, while oft studied, is one that remains unclear. We argue that the nature of the relation changes over time, and this variation is largely driven...

The paper explores the link between financial sentiment and private debt, using Keynes’s A Treatise on Money as a conceptual backdrop. In responding to his critics after the publication of his General Theory Keynes famously talked about unexpected, violent changes in conventional asset...

With the development of network technology, electronic money as a payment and settlement tool based on the network has been developing at an unprecedented speed. Based on the background of e-commerce, this study uses the data from June 2012 to June 2022 to establish a vector autoregressive model...

This paper contributes to the literature on the properties of money and credit indicators for detecting asset price misalignments. After a review of the evidence in the literature on this issue, the paper discusses the approaches that can be considered to detect asset price busts. Considering a...