migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …

Although urban China has experienced spectacular income growth over the last two decades, increases in inequality …, reduction in social welfare provision, deregulation of grain prices, and increases in income uncertainty in the 1990s have … change in income, inequality, and poverty over the 15 year period and investigates the determinants of poverty. It is found …

Although urban China has experienced spectacular income growth over the last two decades, increases in inequality …, reduction in social welfare provision, deregulation of grain prices, and increases in income uncertainty in the 1990s have … change in income, inequality, and poverty over the 15 year period and investigates the determinants of poverty. It is found …

use income, health, education, and standard of living to measure the MPI. The MPI headcount declined from 26.9 to 13 … chronic conditions. Income is the dominant instrument with the highest contribution to the MPI, followed by insurance. Cooking …

This chapter investigates how household income, income inequality, and poverty among urban residents in China have … developed since 1988, with an emphasis on the period from 2007 to 2013. We use data from the China Household Income Project …, expressed as the constant purchasing power, continued between 2007 and 2013. We also show that income growth from 2007 to 2013 …

water in urban poor communities or informal settlements in Metro Manila has allowed delivery of different forms of water … health and sanitation, and freed-up time which households now use for more childcare, income earning activities, and even … can be a potent tool for alleviating poverty as it impacts on health, income and consumption, and gender and social …