the public, long-term systemic risk among banks tends to increase. From the dynamic perspective, bank penalties represent … long-term. In this respect, bank penalties resemble still waters that run deep. In contrast, a settlement with regulatory …

While both size and complexity are important for the largest U.S. bank holding companies (BHCs), specific types of … complex has declined. Favorable tax treatment locations still attract a significant share of the foreign bank and nonbank …

A growing body of literature indicates that competition increases bank soundness. Applying an industrial organization … indeed increases bank efficiency. Second, building on these results, we examine the relation between the Boone indicator … bank soundness. We find evidence that competition robustly increases bank soundness, via the efficiency channel …