The development plans of Marxist Leninist states are usually given short shrift as expressions of ideology (at best) and propaganda (at its most pathetic). Yet there is value in considering critically these development plans, if only to get a sense of the mindset of high level functionaries with...

Crises force us to stop and think. This paper examines the prospect of deep reform of national planning in Africa in response to COVID-19. The paper is a contrasted case study of Kenya and Uganda. The attempt at generalisation across Africa draws on a shared history of state formation. And a...

This is Report of a study to identify development intervention requirements for three mountain districts of Manipur, India. These districts are institutionally different from the others and geographically mountainous. Besides absence of measurable data is also a big problem. The Report...

Economic planning is a term used to describe the long term plans of an incumbent government to manage the economy. Planning is defined as conceiving, initiating, regulating and controlling economic activity by the state according to set priorities with a view to achieving well-defined objectives...

Planning is the first important function of all organizations. It is planning that gives direction to all the activities to be undertaken by an organization. Planning includes setting the objectives of the organization, identifying the activities that need to be carried out to achieve these...

So-called 'gated' communities have become common throughout the continents of Asia and America. Such communities are characterised by the ability to provide public goods and perform governance functions, independent of central and local government. It would be surprising if such communities did...

The article raises the issue of using the historical experience of planning initiated by the establishment of the State Planning Committee in Soviet Russia in 1921. Of course, literal borrowing of the Soviet directive planning model is out of the question. However, it has also been proved in...

Competing definitions of justice in Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics indicate the existence of two distinct economic systems with different normative priorities. The three-class society of the Platonic economy (guardians, auxiliaries, producers) gives rise to guardians who by virtue are...