This paper studies the effect of pharmaceutical regulation at the wholesale level, if markets are integrated by …

Under ex ante access regulation entrants often claim that access fees are excessive. I show that this is only the case … strictly positive access fee which may exceed the efficient level. Ex post regulation facilitates this type of collusion and …

. It also leads to surprising results on the comparative performance of instruments. Under quantity-based regulation … welfare is increasing in the propensity for altruism in the population; under price-based regulation the relationship is non …-monotonic. Price-based regulation is preferred when the population is either predominantly altruistic or predominantly selfish …

This paper studies interaction of pharmaceutical regulation and parallel trade in a North-South framework. An … South being larger if both countries regulate as compared to only the South limiting reimbursement. Stricter regulation, i …