This study is intended as a social scientific investigation as to why in Kyoto alone hanamachi (the Kyoto term for geisha district) areas have maintained their traditions and survived to this day, when most other hanamachi areas around the country lost their competitiveness as an industry and...

In this article, we propose that the scientific knowledge has a public nature. Our knowledge production, therefore, is inevitably connected to the realities socially constructed. We discuss how our knowledge production is connected to the management practices, according to our field research of...