by large private and public companies, it is expected that smallholders will outnumber large estates in the near future …. For policy formulation it is hence important to better understand who these smallholders are and why they have started to … production areas for oil palm, to analyse smallholders' decision making by combining qualitative, quantitative, and experimental …

substitutes. The economic model is then applied to the markets for natural and synthetic rubber which is an insightful example … because the natural rubber market has been dominated by three big exporters who have collectively introduced policies to gain … price control for decades. Results of a vector error correction analysis indicate that prices of natural rubber, synthetic …