Persistently high unemployment rates in Germany have led to a long-running controversy on the causes of the … unemployment problem. This paper aims to re­view the contribution of Keynesian and monetarist theories to this controversy and … explores empirically their implications for the explanation of high un­em­ploy­ment in Germany using a structural vector …

real wages and low unemployment result. With an intermediate view, i.e. when partial equilibrium effects within a sector … are taken into account, high real wages and unemployment result. If all general equilibrium effects are considered at once …, low real wages and low unemployment again result. The assumption that unions and employers' federations are not able to …

This paper examines positive and normative implications of efficiency-wage induced unemployment within a model of … and the rate of unemployment. The sign of this correlation is shown to be given by the intersectoral wage differential …. Despite the existence of unemployment, decisive positive properties of the full-employment model are preserved. However …