The inclusion of environmental clauses in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) enables to incorporate specific rules on forest governance and Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) and to promote the implementation of forests-related Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). This tendency might...

Forest planning is the most important condition for sustainable, continuous, economically efficient and ecological forest use. In North-West Russia, in the Komi Republic in particular, the increasing role of forest planning is based on the obvious need to transfer from the extensive way of...

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The collection, trade and use of these products have been important to rural economies in country. At the same time the plants from which these products originate are crucial to healthy ecosystems. Over the last decade, the market demand and the interest in...

By the 1990s tropical forests in Southeast Asia had been exhaustively logged, mainly for economic growth and development of the countries. Over harvesting and poor forest management had led to the decline and degradation of natural forest areas. In the following years Sustainable Forest...

While a comprehensive economic valuation of all use and non-use values of the forest is impossible, indigenous societies seem to have a clear, albeit inchoate idea of the value of the forest on which they depend for their material and cultural existence. Forests were valued in all ancient...