labour market conditions, the long-term unemployment rate is well above the OECD average. Therefore, the "carrot and stick … reducing long-term unemployment and long-term basic income receipt. An important element is an activation strategy for long …

This paper estimates the causal effect of long-term unemployment on wages. Job search theory implies that if … Unemployment Insurance (UI) extensions do not affect wages conditional on the month of unemployment exit, then reservation wages do … not bind on average. Then, UI extensions affect mean wages only through unemployment durations and are valid instrumental …

Statistical models can help public employment services to identify factors associated with long-term unemployment and …