result, the confrontation between the West and Russia has greatly escalated, which will have a long-term, large … the trade and financial restrictions can be lifted from Russia, and when. The article also makes recommendations that may …

The Russian Economy has evolved into a hybrid form, a partially monetized quasi-market system that has been called the … virtual economy. In the virtual economy, barter and non-monetary transactions play a key role in transferring value from … productive activities to the loss-making sectors of the economy. We show how this transfer takes place, and how it can be …

We analyze the specific predicament of Russian software engineers and hackers in Russia and abroad, their communities …

The Russian Economy has evolved into a hybrid form, a partially monetized quasi-market system that has been called the … virtual economy. In the virtual economy, barter and non-monetary transactions play a key role in transferring value from … productive activities to the loss-making sectors of the economy. We show how this transfer takes place, and how it can be …

In the aftermath of sovereign default of August 1998, the hypothesis of virtual economy in Russia developed by Gaddy … and Ickes has gained popularity. The hypothesis states that the country has not moved towards free-market economy but …

The main characteristic of the transition from a planned to a market economy in Russia has been the barter economy … and reduce fiscal obligations. The barter economy is a rational mechanism of survival and protection from new market … the Russian economy has increased the costs of the economic system and new market economy reforms concentrated on monetary …