The majority of the world's poor, by income poverty and multi-dimensional poverty, now live in countries officially … classified by the World Bank as middle-income countries. Of course nothing happens when a country crosses a (somewhat) arbitrary … ending aid. In light of this, this paper considers two competing perspectives on this changing pattern of global poverty: the …

poverty line. The patterns of growth, precarity, and structural change underlying the emergence of the world's two middles are … living above absolute poverty but below a security-from poverty-line. The paper sets out what has happened. It is argued that …

The most basic economic theory suggests that rising incomes in developing countries will deter emigration from those … transition in every decade since 1960. It then briefly surveys 45 years of research, which has yielded six classes of theory to …