With pressure for greater accountability and value for money in public budgets, widening the use of results-based financing (RBF) and setting up adequate independent mechanisms to verify results is becoming increasingly important. In January 2012, the World Bank launched the Program-for-Results...

In 2010 the World Bank approved a US$220 million loan for a Local Government and Decentralization project in Indonesia. The project aims to improve the accountability and reporting of the central government's Specific Purpose Grants (DAK). Piloted in four infrastructure sub-sectors-irrigation,...

The paper discusses the role of air cargo as a competitive instrument for Brazilian manufacture, examining foreign trade data broken down by chapters of the Harmonized System (HS), and comparing the share of air cargo with other economies. The analysis was performed in two steps. The first...

Gender-based discrimination is a pervasive and costly phenomenon. To a greater or lesser extent, all economies present a gender wage gap, associated with lower female labor force participation rates and higher fertility. This paper presents a growth model where saving, fertility and labor market...