subject to credible threats of harsh punishment. This seems quite consistent with predictions from standard theory. Although … theory, a result labeled the "Harrington paradox" in the literature. Enforcement data from Norway presented here appears, at … predicted by standard theory should be viewed with skepticism …

This paper argues that the "Economics of Crime" concentrates too much on punishment as a policy to fight crime, which … is unwise for several reasons. There are important instances in which punishment simply cannot reduce crime. Several … feasible alternatives to punishment exist, such as offering positive incentives or handing out awards for law abiding behavior …