Germany, France, Italy and Spain, four continental European countries with strong insider-outsider divides. I then study the … the interaction of these two factors in four Continental European countries: Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The …', we find pronounced levels of labor market inequality in Italy and Spain, which are only to increase over time. One might …

, Portugal and Spain. After reviewing the existing system of social assistance in each country, we apply a consistent methodology …

from rural landowners and small-sized, labor intensive businesses (which were predominant in Spain). With the advent of … signing of the Maastricht treaty, before Spain reached the European levels …

- Austria, Spain, Finland, and UK as representatives of four welfare state regimes (conservative, mediterranean, universalistic …