strategy, focused on the liberalization of coffee and cocoa prices, their primary marketing and export, all previously … markets as a reliable supplier of quality products. The liberalization took effect in June 1996. Coffee and cocoa exports …

An estimated 80,000-100,000 Dominican farmers produce coffee and cocoa, nearly 40 percent of all agricultural producers … activities. The majority of coffee and cocoa producers are small-scale and most are located in environmentally sensitive … exist in the Dominican Republic for the production of high-quality coffee and cocoa. To be competitive and sustainable, some …

An estimated 80,000-100,000 Dominican farmers produce coffee and cocoa, nearly 40 percent of all agricultural producers … activities. The majority of coffee and cocoa producers are small-scale and most are located in environmentally sensitive … exist in Dominican Republic for production of high-quality coffee and cocoa. To be competitive and sustainable, some changes …

This policy note argues that the low income of cocoa farmers in the cocoa-chocolate global value chain (GVC) is not … were important, but - overall - had insufficient impact on the livelihood of the average cocoa farming household. During … opportunity. The policy note concludes that - in the current world market situation - higher producer income cannot be ensured …

The high volatility of the world cocoa price makes the millions of cocoa farmers in the developing world highly … or demand. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that the price elasticities of the global cocoa supply and demand are low …. We describe the global cocoa market with cointegration dynamic supply, demand and price submodels. Our OLS, 2SLS, and SUR …

Large chocolate manufacturers have committed themselves to only using certifiedcocoa beans and some governments want to …(VSSs) become quasi-mandatory for cocoa producers and grinders to ensure accessto these markets. Yet, their trade effects are … unclear. We study the effect of a VSSon raw and processed cocoa exports. We use a unique dataset that contains the …

-billion dollar markets and the world’s leading food and beverage companies, such as Mars, Mondelez, McDonalds, Unilever, and Nestle …

in the cocoa sector from the context of pesticide regulations. Such regulations are now increasingly common, due to their … perceived benefits for humans, animals, and the environment. The results of our study show that cocoa-exporting countries stand … standard or its variants, cocoa-exporting countries need to diversify into different markets to balance quality and quantity …