The Pacific Ocean liner shipping market appears to be cartelized, primarily because of antitrust exemptions for shipping companies’ agreements. The current industry consolidation trend driven by economies of scale is likely to nurture the collusion inducing environment further; thus,...

"This article analyzes the rise, fall, and ultimate termination of the largest (by volume) proposed vessel-sharing alliance the shipping industry has ever seen, the P3 Network Sharing Agreement. Pertinent to the discussion is detailed evaluation of the world's fundamental regulators of liner...

Several regulatory authorities have recently allowed competing network operators to co-invest in network infrastructure. With the use of a laboratory experiment, we investigate the impact of co-investments on competition in regulated network industries, particularly in comparison to unilateral...