This paper examines the impact of one transmission channel for the economic effects of a shift from offline to online consumption: cross-border trade costs. We use data on cross-border e-commerce between EU Member States to estimate the implied cross-border trade cost reduction when consumers...

This paper illustrates how the work of the WTO's standing committees is fuelling regulatory cooperation between WTO members, and inspiring RTA negotiators. We explore, as a case study, how the WTO TBT Committee has shaped provisions on international standards in RTAs, and focus on the extent to...

From the origins of the now internal market and the continued efforts of the Commission to achieve an effective, fully integrated, competitive market free from barriers to trade. The ECJ has been omnipresent. Driving change through progressive approaches to the protection of the internal market...