The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the most controversial pieces of environmental legislation. Part of the controversy stems from doubts about its effectiveness in generating improvements in species viability. This paper uses ordered probit models to test whether the ESA has been...

Threatened and endangered species recovery programs consume increasing resources. Even so, there is increased concern about actual and projected biodiversity losses and in the success of recovery programs in reversing these trends. In this paper, we use a panel data set and ordered probit...

The heated and continuing controversy surrounding the Endangered Species Act (ESA) stems in part from doubts about its effectiveness in generating species recovery. In this paper, we develop three ordered scores of changes in species' recovery status based on changes in Nature Conservancy...