research arising from the genome case, the paper shows that in some fundamental research areas, where knowledge externalities … play an important role, market and non-market allocation mechanisms do coexist and should coexist in order to ensure … some features of an optimal research policy. …

research arising from the genome case, the paper shows that in some fundamental research areas, where knowledge externalities … play an important role, market and non-market allocation mechanisms do coexist and should coexist in order to ensure … some features of an optimal research policy. …

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and … affect the incentives to develop research tools. We show that the prevailing legal doctrine of damages under liability rule … damages. This can create insufficient incentives to develop research tools. Incentives can be improved either by a property …

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and … affect the incentives to develop research tools. We show that the prevailing legal doctrine of damages under liability rule … damages. This can create insufficient incentives to develop research tools. Incentives can be improved either by a property …

claims. We focus on market-based allocation rules that impose a two-step procedure: assignment of rights based on claims …-assignment rules that guarantee that the allocation rules are fair. We apply our results to problems of greenhouse gas emissions and …