Johansen cointegration approach. Qatar is a small open economy that depends on the outside world for exporting its oil, natural … gas and its hydrocarbons and to import consumer and capital goods. Exports compose a major proportion of GDP. Annual data …

cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports and economic growth, while exports and … driven by exports, imports, and trade openness. The findings suggest that trade liberalisation and export-led growth are …

. The likelihood-based panel cointegration technique is applied to investigate the long-run convergence between the …

This paper focuses on import and export of goods of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is very open country in … European Union. Ratio of import and export of goods and services to GDP is above European Union average. The goal is to find … explanatory variables, which have an influence on import and export of goods and to build robust and economically interpretable …

competition in export markets relative to domestic ones. Our results strengthen arguments for policy focusing on promoting imports …