Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen erleichtern den Handel, indem sie die Parteien von einer individuellen Vertragsgestaltung entlasten. Dabei entsteht jedoch die Gefahr, dass diejenige Partei, die Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen stellt, diese zu ihren Gunsten formuliert und so die andere Partei...

The Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, adopted in 2001, addresses rights, jurisdiction and duties of States in the various maritime zones set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This article argues that the manner in which the Convention on...

Maritime Piracy is a major international problem and it requires attention as it effects the peaceful existence of states beyond international boundaries. This paper underlines the conditions and criteria where the act can be called as maritime piracy that is, it can be done only in high seas,...

International maritime industry constitutes one of the areas in which the resource to arbitration and other ADR devices have enjoyed a traditional and far-reaching character. This trend has increased in recent years due both to the highly complex nature of the maritime industry and to the costs...

Unlike Antarctica, the Arctic can boast no region-specific treaty that comprehensively covers the challenges it faces, including potential threats to its marine areas. The Arctic states are, however, subjects of many international and regional legal instruments, most of which fall within the...

Improper acquisition of genetic resources (GRs) and associated traditional knowledge (TK) without prior informed consent and on mutually agreed terms, in accordance with national laws of the country providing the GR and associated TK, as well as without any fair and equitable sharing of the...

Disputed maritime areas are often sources of valuable natural resources, but they are also often sources of conflict. It is thus important for investors investing in such areas to know the array of investment protection mechanisms available to them. This article examines four such mechanisms...

There are many cases worldwide where two or more States’ maritime claims over ocean space and marine resources overlap, leading to disputed maritime areas. Many of these disputed maritime areas include rare or fragile marine ecosystems and constitute the habitat of vulnerable species. General...