Since the introduction of the system of floating exchange rates policy-makers have been troubled by uncertainties regarding the effects of this system on international trade. Do exchange rate changes affect trade flows? Can governments manipulate exchange rates? Have countries been “injured”...

Since the introduction of the system of floating exchange rates policy-makers have been troubled by uncertainties regarding the effects of this system on international trade. Do exchange rate changes affect trade flows? Can governments manipulate exchange rates? Have countries been “injured”...

Arguments in support of the view that trade provisions are an essential part of certain multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) can be categorized as follows: (1) such provisions are necessary on grounds of economic efficiency (optimal intervention or lowest overall cost), or (2) they are...