Congestion is an economic phenomenon of overinvestment that occurs when excessive inputs decrease the maximally possible outputs. Although decision-makers are unlikely to decrease outputs by increasing inputs, congestion is widespread in reality. Identifying and measuring congestion can help...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has become an established approach for analyzing and comparing efficiency results of corporate organizations or economic agents. It has also found wide application in comparative studies on airport efficiency. The standard DEA approach to comparative airport...

Indonesia is beset by uneven regional resource endowment and interregional income inequalities. Kataoka (2011) concluded that these are largely determined by the labor productivity differential, using the Duro and Esteban (1998) inequality decomposition approach. We empirically explored the...

The ratio definition of efficiency has the form of a productivity measure. But the weights are endogenous variables and they do not function as weights in a productivity index proper. It is shown that extended Farrell measures of efficiency can all be given an interpretation as productivity...

Within the water industry, some water companies provide both water and sanitation services whereas other just water services. Assuming a common technology of different types of water companies may lead to biased estimates of performance. To deal with the problem of incomparability of...