A major problem in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) agricultural sector and rural areas during the transition was the breakdown of the relationships of farms with input suppliers and output markets. The simultaneous privatization and restructuring of the farms and of the up- and downstream...

This paper sets out a strategic framework for WBG assistance for the modernization of agro-food systems in client countries. The objective of this strategy is to enhance the competitiveness of food, feed, and fiber systems-as a powerful source of growth and income generation-and to do so in a...

In this research paper, we attempt to estimate the tax revenues to be gained (or lost) by the South Centre and African Union's Member States under the Amount A and Article 12B regimes. Our analysis relied on sources of information available to private sector researchers but did not involve...

We study the aggregate and distributional consequences of replacing corporate profit taxes with shareholder taxes, namely taxes on dividends and capital gains, in a setting with incomplete markets and heterogeneity at both the household and the firm level. The reform yields distributional gains...

The taxation of the digitalized economy is the single most important topic in international tax negotiations today. The OECD has devised a "Two Pillar solution" to the problem. Pillar One is focusing on a reallocation of taxing rights to market jurisdictions, which are largely expected to be...

The proposed OECD Pillar One and Two reforms mark a significant shift in the way large multinational enterprises are taxed on their global incomes. However, while considering the reform at the proposed scale tax administrators must be able to compare the revenue gains with alternatives. This...

In this paper, we attempt to estimate the tax revenues to be gained by the Member States of ATAF, WATAF, AU and the South Centre under the Amount A and an alternative stylized DST taxation regime. Our research demonstrates that the comparative revenue effects of the Amount A and DST taxation...