The fIrst of two articles on the operation of the wheat market in Pakistan, the present article describes the magnitude and composition of wheat flows between farmers, middlemen and consumers in the Punjab. The flows emanating from the agricultural sector and those moving from various sources of...

This article, the second of two articles in this Review on the operation of the wheat market in Pakistan, 1 describes the various sources from which consumers in the Punjab, Sind and the NWFP obtain wheat and flour. There appear to be considerable differences in the patterns of wheat...

Consumption of wheat and rice in Pakistan grows vigorously. The causes are well-known. (i) population growth, officially estimated at about three percent per year, is very high and, (ii) at low levels of income per head the income elasticities of wheat and rice consumption are still positive~...

Member States of the European Union are autonomous when it comes to the design of their social protection systems. However, they are committed by a recommendation accepted by the European Council addressing the convergence of social protection objectives and policies. Besides, convergence of...