Systematic information on household financial asset holdings in developing countries is very sparse; we review some available data and current policy debates. Although financial asset holdings by households are highly concentrated, deeper financial systems are correlated with improved income...

A sudden and radical reversal of financial flows to developing countries has occurred since 1982. Controversy exists, however, as to the scale of the actual outflow of resources and as to whether too much emphasis has been placed in the past on adjustment efforts. The following article attempts...

One of the arguments put forward to support the claim that an unfavourable world economic environment is impeding effective structural adjustment in developing countries is the premise that the flow of resources to indebted developing countries is not only insufficient but also declining and has...

This paper reviews the literature on commodities from the perspective of an investor. We re-examine some of the early papers in the literature using recent data, and find that the empirical support for the Theory of Normal Backwardation as an explanation for the commodity risk premium is weak,...

This article presents various techniques for downside risk control of an emerging markets equity index or long only fund. We evaluate different risk adjusted strategies applied to dynamic asset allocation between an emerging markets equity index and cash and at a later stage between an emerging...