The six European member countries of the CMEA depend greatly on imports of energy, and oil and oil products in particular, from the USSR. In the coming years the Soviet Union will, however, probably be unable to satisfy all their import requirements so that they are likely to buy more oil in the...

The reduction of grain shipments and the export ban for computers imposed by the US Administration in response to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan was supplemented, late in February 1980, by prohibition of deliveries of phosphates to the Soviet Union. President Carter has not yet urged the...

Despite the unproportionately low level of Soviet economic assistance, Soviet influence in the Third World is quite considerable at present. Taking this fact as a starting point the following article examines the principles guiding relations between communist and developing countries.

Conventional wisdom suggests that the stocks of human capital were one of the few positive legacies from communism. However, if factories under communism were so inefficient, why would the education system not have been? Using the education production function approach and new data on...

Do younger workers in transition economies have a different work ethic from those who were trained and employed in the former socialist economy? Is the link between work ethic and performance among workers in transition economies the same for both older and younger workers? We address these...

The economic difficulties manifest in communist countries have encouraged a desire in many of them to move toward a market economy. This paper surveys specific reasons for the breakdown of centrally planned economies and discusses the difficulties of making the transition to a market economy. A...