This paper provides a qualitative analysis of the services that the anti-union consultants and law firms have provided to American employers during the past three decades and an account of the campaign tactics of several 'superstars' of the union-free movement. It describes a multi-million...

During the 1930s and 1940s, collective bargaining emerged as the workplace governance norm in much of the U.S. industrial sector. Following its peak in the 1950s, union density in the U.S. private sector fell steadily, to only 7.4 percent in 2006. Governance shifted from a formalized union norm...