African sub-regional courts present a paradox: They are established to ensure trade integration is rule-based, but they have overwhelmingly decided human rights rather than trade cases. The COMESA court of Justice is unique, rather than deciding human rights cases, it has overwhelmingly decided...

Collective bargaining is one of the means by which employees can participate in decision-making in management of organisations, influencing, at least, pay and the terms of conditions of employment. It is an adversarial process, which involves negotiation between parties with conflicting...

Evaluating human rights damages is one of the most challenging aspects of human rights adjudication. The Ontario Human Rights Code gives decisionmakers jurisdiction to order monetary compensation for injury to dignity, feelings and self-respect. Where discrimination is found, the...

A general model of arbitrator behavior in conventional and final-offer arbitration is developed that is based on an underlying notion of an appropriate award in a particular case. This appropriate award is defined as a function of the facts of the case independently of the offers of the parties....