The issuance of retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) entails a transfer of risk from commercial banks to the central bank. While this paper does not provide an overall assessment on whether or not to issue a retail CBDC, it analyzes how different mechanisms to limit the risk transfer,...

This paper examines the consequences of heightened capital mobility and of the integration of developing economies in increasingly globalized markets for the exchange rate regimes of the industrial, developing, and transition economies. It builds upon previous studies by IMF staff on various...

The search for a relationship between central bank laws and monetary policy outcomes, which began three decades ago, is part of a larger enterprise to discover the monetary policy framework that delivers the best macroeconomic performance. A 'monetary policy framework' is a set of institutional...

Does a central bank that is independent of political influence deliver a better macroeconomic performance than one that implements monetary policy decisions taken by government? Does an inflation targeting agreement between central bank and government improve macroeconomic performance? And does...

When the Bank of Canada will begin raising interest rates is looking very different than when it should even though the risks of postponement are growing. If more “no-change” decisions are made by the Bank of Canada regarding its policy interest rate, inflation expectations might begin to...

With the economic recovery taking hold and the Bank of Canada's conditional commitment to keep the overnight rate at 0.25 percent expiring soon, a number of questions about the conduct of monetary policy need to be considered. The author argues the Bank should keep its conditional commitment,...