Much is published about the Bank of England's policy functions and its financial operations. But less is typically known about the Bank's role as a bank in the more traditional sense, offering accounts and banking services to its customers. The three main customer groups to which the Bank...

From its foundation as a private corporation in 1694 the Bank of England extended large amounts of credit to support the British private economy and to support an increasingly centralized British state. The Bank helped the British state reach a position of geopolitical and economic hegemony in...

We use daily transactional ledger data from the Bank of England's Archive to test whether and to what extent the Bank of England during the mid-nineteenth century adhered to Walter Bagehot's rule that a central bank in a financial crisis should lend cash freely at a high interest rate in...