Privatization in the sense of transfer of ownership and control rights of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been either minimal or ineffective in many transition economies, including Viet Nam. One major barrier in this respect appears to be the general absence or weakness of an appropriate...

Privatization in the sense of transfer of ownership and control rights of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been either minimal or ineffective in many transition economies, including Viet Nam. One major barrier in this respect appears to be the general absence or weakness of an appropriate...

The paper estimates the static trade effects of a customs union comprising Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Although these effects are found to vary between countries, for the region as a whole the trade-creation effects appear to be greater than the trade-diversion effects....