In this paper I argue that statist (or “despotic”) assumptions of royal power does not adequately describe the nature of political power in the Ptolemaic development of Egypt. I examine the process of Ptolemaic state formation from the point of view of the expansion and the settlement of the...

Egypt is defined as an agricultural country where its people put all produced crops to use, whether as food or clothing. An agricultural waste like straw, palm fronds, leaves and others are used in building and interior designing; they're part of an individual's lifestyle and culture. As time...

It is widely accepted that the costs of underpricing energy are large, whether in advanced or developing countries. This paper explores how large these costs can be by focussing on the size of the external effects that energy subsidies in particular generate in two important sectors?transport...

This review of the on-budget expenditure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) in Egypt describes the broad outline of the MARL's expenditures and identifies key themes and issues. The report examines how the context of the agricultural sector has changed, and the adjustment...

This study employed the Ricardian approach to measure the economic impacts of climate change on farm net revenue in Egypt. Farm net revenue were regressed against climate, soil, socioeconomic and hydrological variables to determine which factors influence the variability of farm net revenues....

This paper contains the basic statistical material upon which Effective Rates of Protection (ERPs), Domestic Resource Costs (DRCs), and crop acreage responses were calculated by the authors for their volume on Egypt in the NBER project Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development. This...

This study employed the Ricardian approach to measure the economic impacts of climate change on farm net revenue in Egypt. Farm net revenue were regressed against climate, soil, socioeconomic and hydrological variables to determine which factors influence the variability of farm net revenues....

Policymakers interested in reducing poverty and improving income distribution in rural Egypt should focus on nonfarm income - which not only accounts for almost 60 percent of total income for the rural poor but also favorably affects income distribution. Nonfarm income is an inequality-reducing...