The Polish model of privatization was mainly based on the implementation of the privatization policy in line with the procedures envisaged by law which preferred privatization on an individual basis, adjusted to the peculiarities of a given company. In a theoretical sense, this model was mainly...

Is investment constrained more by insecure property rights or by limited external finance? For five transition economies in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union we find that weak property rights limit the reinvestment of profits in startup ma nufacturing firms. Access to credit does not...

Ecological reserve networks are an important strategy for conserving biodiversity. One approach to selecting reserves is to use optimization algorithms that maximize an ecological objective function subject to a total reserve area constraint. Under this approach, economic factors such as...