This Selected Issues paper on Estonia examines impact of assessing competitiveness and exposure to shocks integrating … goods. However, like most European economies, Estonia is highly integrated into GVCs. This implies that assessments of … trade shocks accounting for the GVC participation in Estonia. The analysis using a REER index considering the GVC …

This paper assesses Estonia’s flexibility from two angles. The paper focuses on one aspect of that performance …—the ability to sustain competitiveness. Then, a more forward-looking angle is the flexibility of Estonia’s labor and product … markets. Estonia has made great progress in achieving real convergence in the last decade. Current account deficits are …

This Selected Issues paper on the Republic of Estonia highlights its growth performance relative to other countries in … the European Union (EU). Estonia has experienced a period of unprecedented growth since the mid-1990s. Between 1995 and … 2005, Estonia’s real GDP per capita rose by an average of 61⁄2 percent a year, exceeding the annual growth rates of all …

This Selected Issues paper examines developments in Estonia’s expanding net external obligations, as well as in … use of the IMF’s new Global Econometric Model to investigate and quantify the role of market flexibility in Estonia. It …

This Selected Issues paper focuses on financing constraints and productivity in Estonia. The paper examines two …-level total factor productivity (TFP)? These questions are particularly important in the current environment, in which credit … growth in Estonia has slowed down considerably and firms may face increasing financing constraints that could dampen growth …

This Selected Issues paper on the Republic of Estonia underlies gross and net international investment positions …. Capital gains have been exceptionally beneficial to Malta’s external position, but have significantly worsened Estonia’s NIIP …

This Selected Issues paper analyzes income convergence and medium-term growth potential for Estonia. Estonia … productivity growth, scaling up a number of envisaged pro-growth programs, supporting the upgrading of traditional industries as a … second leg of innovation policy, and fully restoring Estonia's high investment …

This paper explores the business cycle in Bulgaria and the Baltic countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the …). Both the model and data series show that the major drop in output was due to productivity. In addition, the timing of the …

depth look at the positions of two specific countries - Estonia and Korea - among the developed countries of the world. It …

participation on productivity in Estonia using firm-level data from 2000 to 2016. We find that higher GVC participation at the … are important to raise aggregate productivity and potential growth in Estonia … have also contributed to increasing productivity and long-term growth. We explore empirically the impact of GVC …