this upward bias results from aggregation along the extensive industry margin, which is why the bias is much smaller and …

potential existence of a continental bias in world trade flows on a sample of 182 countries over the period 1990-2006. Using … evidence of an economically significant continental bias in trade. It implies that, other things equal, countries located on …

this upward bias results from aggregation along the extensive industry margin, which is why the bias is much smaller and …

Eurostat's Comext and Prodcom databases. A gravity application delivers a large set of product-level 'home bias' estimates …

inter-city trade data, we identify a substantial centrality bias: Shipments from central places to their hinterland are 50 …%-125% larger than predicted by gravity forces. This upward bias stems from aggregating across industries, which are hierarchically … centrality bias along the margins of our data, we find that the by far largest part of this aggregation bias can be attributed to …