MNCs have been conceptualized as differentiated networks that, in turn, are embedded in external networks. Previous research has predominantly focused on the embeddedness of established subsidiaries into their local environment, omitting to shed light on the phenomenon of headquarters linkages...

This paper investigates the role Regional Headquarters (RHQs) play in large multinationals. It investigates if the establishment of a RHQ creates “hierarchy benefits” to the firm that are in line with eh M-form principles. Based on rich qualitative data that we collected for nine different...

Formulating consistent marketing strategies is a difficult task, but successfully implementing them is even more challenging. This is even more pertinent as marketing strategies quite often incorporate inherent conflicts between major breakthroughs and consolidation. Consequently, marketers need...