model's predictions are tested using Dutch school-level data. Since students in the Netherlands have to participate both in …A simple model of decentralised graduation standards is presented. It is shown that a school whose students are … a central and in a school specific examination, we can identify the grading policy of individual schools. We find that …

Over the 2000s, many federal states in Germany shortened the duration of secondary school by one year while keeping the …

The strong link between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and children's success in school is well established … child behavioural problems explain, in part, the association between parental SES and child school grades for mathematics … problems. Adverse parenting and behavioural problems are, in turn, associated with low school grades. Our findings also show …

population of immigrant pupils: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and … status, language proficiency, immigrants' time spent in the host country and patterns of school segregation. Using a …

population of immigrant pupils: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and … status, language proficiency, immigrants' time spent in the host country and patterns of school segregation. Using a …

Netherlands, where children start school (kindergarten) for approximately 20 hours a week in the month that they turn 4. Using …When children start school, parents save time and/or money. In this paper, we empirically examine the impact of these … child starts going to school. For their partners, who experience a much smaller shock in terms of time, the increase in …

effects on rank in high school, grades, and the probability of attending a selective college. …