This paper undertakes a statistical analysis of the fines imposed on 168 firms in 22 cartels prosecuted by European Commission under the 2006 Penalty Guidelines, leniency notice, settlement process, and the courts on appeals over the period 2007 to 2010. It looks closely at how the Commission...

Based on interviews of all UK based third party litigation funders the paper provides new empirical evidence on the nature, extent and type of third party funding of litigation. It also examines the emergence of new group or class action third party funders in Europe focused primarily on...

This article looks at the definition, conditions and evidence necessary to establish that a price squeeze is an exclusionary abuse, and thus an infringement of EC competition law. It shows that the necessary conditions are demanding, and that the empirical test for a price squeeze must be...

This foreword reviews the law and economics of an anti-competitive margin squeeze adopted by European and national competition authorities together with a critical assessment of the European Court of Justice's Telia/Sonera judgment in early 2012

This paper is in two parts. The first part is a report written in 1989 for the UK Department for Transport (DTp) to consider the way non fatal accidents should be treated in project evaluations. At the time, the DTp had adopted an economic approach to the costing of fatalities based on the...

This paper examines the economic basis of nineteenth century common law of employers' liability, and the impact of statutory reforms such as the Employers' Liability Act 1880, Workmen's Compensation Act 1897 and no-fault liability under the Industrial Injuries Scheme that accompanied the...

This paper discusses the use of economics in assessing some of the important factors of state aid measures. In light of the economic theory and the case law we outline the application of economics for the market economy investor principle (MEIP), and for the assessment of the 'necessity' and...

The European Commission's decision to block the GE/Honeywell merger in 2001 ignited a wave of criticism from US antitrust authorities and commentators not seen since the Boeing/McDonnell Douglas merger in the mid-90s. This revealed deep differences in the substance and enforcement of EC and US...