Following privatisations in the 1980's, the UK financial industry embarked on a series of demutualisations, which developed into a global trend in the late 1990's. This structural shift has generated numerous debates in academic circles concerning various managerial issues of mutual versus stock...

Following privatisations in the 1980's, the UK financial industry embarked on a series of demutualisations, which developed into a global trend in the late 1990's. This structural shift has generated numerous debates in academic circles concerning various managerial issues of mutual versus stock...

This study aims at collecting empirical evidence on whether or notfinancial accounting standards which exist in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia giverise to economic consequences. Awareness of the potential economicconsequences of accounting standards emerged first in the United States ofAmerica in...

Since the deregulation of foreign currency markets in 1973, the volatility of foreign exchange rates has increased substantially. Owing to this increased volatility in exchange rates it has become increasingly important to hedge foreign currency exposure. This paper provides a self-financing...