China has experienced extraordinary institutional and socio-economic changes after 1978, and its deepening reform to market-oriented economy since 1990s was also recognized as one the most significant factors to drive China's rise in the contemporary world. Although many aspects of China's...

A new empirical field of research in economics shows that policies characterized by economic freedom produce economic growth. quot;Economic freedomquot; means such things as a small government, protection of private property, a well-functioning legal system, free competition and few regulations....

After the fall of state socialism about two decades ago, democracy and market economies were assumed to diffuse worldwide. However, the American financial crisis of 2008, leading to a worldwide economic crisis caused increasing criticism of capitalism. As laissez-faire capitalism, Keynesianism...

We examine how structural reforms relate to income inequality. We employ many indicators of structural reforms and use data for market and net income inequality. The dataset includes up to 135 countries since 1960. The results do not suggest that market-oriented structural reforms were...

This chapter provides a critical overview of the state of the art in the economics literature on structural reforms. It takes stock of theoretical developments, measurement efforts and of the econometric evidence. We start with a simple theoretical framework for the relationship between...

Controversy over old growth pine forests in Ontario and consideration of related forest management issues associated more generally with sustainability encouraged a range of reform initiatives. The proposals might be broadly clustered under four headings: (a) legislative change; (b) participatory...