Systematic risk cannot be controlled by business managers and cannot be eliminated by portfolio diversification.Factors related to the systematic riskmay be interest rate, inflation, exchange rate, market risk, and politics.Systematic risk may also mean the magnitude of the correlation between...

This study examined the impact of financial ratios, represented by liquidity, retained earnings ratio, profitability ratio, debt ratio, and total assets turnover, on earnin gs quality. This study involved 45 service companies registered between 2014 and 2020. Purposive sampling was used for 41...