The transition towards a carbon-neutral economy is a fundamental change, it involves not only transforming the energy sector but also radical reforms across the whole economy. Managing fundamental and wholesale change across such a large economy is a massive coordination challenge requiring the...

Since the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were launched at Bretton Woods more than 50 years ago, and the regional development banks in subsequent decades, the world economy has changed in important respects. In considering the role of international financial institutions (IFIs),...

The COP-21 meeting in Paris produced an important result. For the first time all countries developed and developing agreed to take some mitigation action. However even if all countries deliver on what they have promised by 2030 and progress thereafter continues only at the same rate global...