The employment of capital is rival in nature. Small countries do not benefit from taxing its employment. By contrast, the use of digital services is non-rival and small countries do benefit from taxing expenditures on such services. In fact, some countries have already decided to tax digital...

The paper surveys the characteristics of the common European VAT system, proposed by the EU-Commission to overcome the weaknesses of the transitional European VAT system, which was enacted in 1993 and is still in force. We argue that a harmonized VAT rate will generate substantial costs for EU...

Consumption taxes have been harmonized in the EU countries since 1993 and a great attention is paid to their convergence in the EU. The EU directives harmonize tax administration, tax bases and set minimal applicable rates. The aim of the article is to find out if VAT systems of the EU countries...

E-commerce on the Internet will create new demands on taxation. In the field of income and business taxation there exists a large potential for profit-shifting into low-tax countries, especially concerning transfers of immaterial goods and transfer pricing. In the long run, this can lead to a...

Eine über das bereits erreichte Mass hinausgehende Harmonisierung der europäischen Umsatzsteuersysteme ist Voraussetzung für die Abschaffung der Grenzkontrollen innerhalb der Europäischen Gemeinschaft; sie bildet damit ein Kernstück der für 1992 anvisierten Vollendung des europäischen...