The International Chamber of Commerce's adoption of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600) effective July 1, 2007, provides an opportune time for a handbook that explains the mechanics of international sales, the role banks play in them, and the use of documentary...

This study argues that the ability to mitigate risks associated with international trade is particularly important at times of heightened uncertainty, such as the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Risk mitigation can be achieved through letters of credit (LCs), trade finance...

his article addresses the phenomenon of document discrepancies in international trade financing as a significant worldwide issue resulting in unnecessary delays, refused payments, and financial loss when banks discover discrepancies in required trade finance documents presented under the...

Relationship lending helps reduce asymmetric information, which potentially creates benefits for borrowers. However, empirical evidence is mixed. We conduct a meta-analysis to summarize and explain the heterogeneity in the results in the literature using hand-collected information from 101...

We show that laws and institutions that strengthen creditor protection increase expected recovery rates on collateral using unique internal bank data on ex-ante appraised liquidation values and market values of assets pledged as collateral from secured loans in 16 countries. Stronger creditor...