We focus on the core institution of the capital market and the institutional work of professional service firms that provide ratings on corporate-issuers, initially in a bid to maintain this institution, which suffered when those involved relied solely on information from the issuers themselves....

We examine the role of alignment between organizational social consciousness and the informal and formal institutions of a country in increasing female representation on boards. We find the greater the alignment between organizational social consciousness and certain formal (i.e., a gender...